Appealing to the BIA from an Immigration Judge in the 10th Circuit

The Tenth Circuit covers six states — Colorado, Kansas, New Mexico, Oklahoma, Utah, and Wyoming — and sits at the Byron White U.S. Courthouse in Denver, Colorado. For immigration cases, its role is appellate and confined: after the Board of Immigration Appeals has ruled, the court reviews the final order of removal on the closed administrative record, without a new hearing or additional evidence.

Venue for a petition for review is the circuit in which the Immigration Judge completed the proceedings (INA § 242(b)(2)). If that was within one of these six states, the Board applies Tenth Circuit precedent in the appeal before it, and the Tenth Circuit is generally the proper court afterward.

The two stages are separate. The appeal to the Board (Notice of Appeal, Form EOIR-26) is the agency-level challenge to the Immigration Judge's decision; the petition for review brings the Board's final order before the federal court. ImmAppeal drafts the respondent's brief for the first stage only.

The petition is generally due within 30 days of the Board's final order of removal (INA § 242(b)(1)), and a late petition risks dismissal; verify the deadline and its computation for each case. There is no general good-cause extension of that period.

Filing the petition does not by itself stop removal; a stay has to be sought by separate motion. Counsel is responsible for the petition, the stay motion, the filing process in the Tenth Circuit, and confirming the deadline against the controlling rules and the date of the Board's order.

ImmAppeal does not draft this filing.

On a petition for review, the standard of review dictates which arguments the court will entertain. The agency's factual findings — credibility, the events the respondent experienced, the risk of future persecution — are reviewed under the deferential substantial-evidence standard, reversible only where the record compels a contrary finding. Questions of law and constitutional claims receive de novo review.

Issues must be raised before the Board to be exhausted for any later petition for review (INA § 242(d)(1)). ImmAppeal does not check exhaustion; counsel confirms which issues were raised.

ImmAppeal drafts one kind of brief: the respondent's brief in an appeal to the Board of Immigration Appeals (BIA) from an Immigration Judge's decision in removal proceedings, before the Board has decided that appeal.

In an appeal from an Immigration Judge sitting in the 10th Circuit, the Board applies 10th Circuit precedent. The draft is written for the circuit counsel confirms on the case, which the form reads from the location of the immigration court in the decision; if the two differ, the passport says so. The draft cites that circuit's precedent alongside the Board's. The draft does not change its strategy or tone by circuit; the posture described on this page is background for counsel.

The draft is written from the Immigration Judge's decision alone. Other files are stored with the case but are not read into this draft; transcript and exhibit cites have to be added by counsel.

Citations found in the draft are checked against our library of published decisions, and each is reported as verified, unconfirmed, or removed. A draft is typically ready in under 30 minutes. A licensed attorney reviews and finalizes it before filing; ImmAppeal does not give legal advice.